What determines the final levels of ozone in water?

Answer:

=== Many people are under the impression the flow of oxygen/ozone mixture is what determines the final levels of ozone in water. This assumption is only partly correct. There are many additional aspects which have the same or grater effect at the final result of water ozonation as ozone flow does:

Water used for therapeutic applications is usually produced:

I listed all these aspects with one intention only - to show how many of main factors are pre-determined.

As you can see we can still "play" with the concentration and flow of ozone gas, which will ultimately decide what will be the final result...

Let me outline a few important points:

So, the trick is to find the flow rate & concentration which will deliver the best over all results. That means:

Rather tricky task..... which can be solved quite easily if proper tools are used. Ozone dissolved in water is usually measured in "ppm" or/and "mg/l" (chemical tests) or electronically in [mV] of ORP (Oxygen Reduction Potential). I use primarily electronic ORP test because I am colorblind, therefore I can not use tests based on a change of the color.

Just for your information - following are a few samples of different applications requiring different ORP levels:

985 ORP was the level of ozone in water produced by Hansler setup during the training I went trough with R. Viebahn and Dr. Wasser

Many ozone generators currently on the market do not exceed ozone concentrations 50-60 gamma with even the lowest flow rate (1/32LPM). On top of it, majority of producers will provide their clients with following general recommendation:

For ozonation of water use - flow rate 1/8-1/4LPM with maximum concentration which can be delivered by the ozone generator with this particular flow rate(s) ....... that is most of the time less then 40 gamma. Consequently, maximum ORP levels delivered by these systems are usually less then 800-850 ORP - too low for serious therapeutic application. Yes, water with 800 ORP will be sterile, however there will not be enough "ozone stored in water" to deliver substantial therapeutic results.

On other hand, systems which can deliver high ozone concentrations (up to 90-95 gamma) and can be used with very low flow rates (as low as 1/32) are subject to certain drawbacks which are mainly represented by three factors:

ORP levels achievable by systems utilizing 90 gamma concentrations are in range of 1100-1150 [mV] - far more then what could be achieved with concentrations in 50-60 gamma range.

By the way, I believe that all containers used for ozonation of water should be always sealed and excess ozone destroyed - regardless of ozone concentration used for ozonation of water.

I am slowly reaching the end of this ozone & water story.

For those facing the same ozone & water dilemma, I would like to encourage you to do following:

By the way.....cc/min => ml/min

As you see, I did not elaborate on ORP levels produced by different ozone concentrations. The reason is that there are too many variables which will effect the final result.

=== One more thing before I will go - keep water as cold as possible. It will "hold more" ozone and it will get saturated faster.

By the way, if you will hear that water can be saturated to a certain point and then it does not "take & hold" any more regardless of ozone concentration used - it is correct. However, saturation point is far above 1300 ORP and it is far above levels of dissolved ozone achievable by simple bubbling of ozone trough water even with very sophisticated passive diffusers (passive diffusers are diffusers which do not employ any additional means to agitate water).

=== The OzoneLab™ Team